section 5.5
Energy Metabolism
79
TABLE 5-3
Normal Values for the Resting Rate of Metabolic Energy Expenditure of Adults Expressed in kcal/min
(kj/min)*
Percent
Weight in kg (lbs)
Body
Men
Women
Fat
45(99)
50(110)
55(121)
60(132)
65(143)
70(154)
75(165)
80(176)
Thin
5
—
0.98
(4.10)
1.05
(4.39)
1 . 1 2
(4.69)
1 . 2 0
(5.02)
1.27
(5.31)
1.32
(5.52)
1.40
(5.86)
Average
1 0
—
0.94
(3.93)
1 . 0 0
(4.18)
1.08
(4.52)
1.15
(4.81)
1 . 2 2
(5.10)
1.27
(5.31)
1.34
(5.61)
Plump
Thin
15
0.82
0.89
0.96
1.04
1 . 1 1
1.18
1 . 2 2
1.30
(3.42)
(3.72)
(4.02)
(4.35)
(4.64)
(4.94)
(5.10)
(5.44)
Fat
Average
2 0
0.79
0.84
0.90
0.98
1.05
1 . 1 2
1.18
1.24
(3.30)
(3.51)
(3.77)
(4.10)
(4.39)
(4.69)
(4.94)
(5.19)
Plump
25
—
0.79
(3.31)
0 . 8 6
(3.60)
0.94
(3.93)
1 . 0 0
(4.18)
1.08
(4.52)
1 . 1 2
(4.69)
1 . 2 0
(5.02)
Fat
30
—
—
0.82
(3.43)
0.89
(3.72)
0.96
(4.02)
1.04
(4.35)
1.08
(4.52)
1.15
(4.81)
*Data from S. Davidson, R. Passmore, J. F. Brock, and A. S. Truswell:
H u m a n N u tr itio n a n d D ie te tic s ,
7th ed. (Churchill Livingstone, 1979).
intake should be higher than output.
Obesity
and
cachexia
(a disorder characterized by general physical wasting and
malnutrition) are extreme examples of problems affect-
ing the energy stores of the body. The appetite and sati-
ety centers in the central nervous system normally are
sensitive regulators that adjust energy consumption to
energy requirements. Obesity is rarely caused by damage
to those centers. Obesity results from an excess of energy
intake over physiological needs. Factors predisposing or
contributing to the development of obesity are heredity,
TABLE 5-4
Examples of Rate of Energy Expenditure during Various Types of Physical Activities of Adults
*
Rate of Energy Expenditure,
kcal/min (kj/min)
Type of Activity
Man, 70 kg
Woman, 58 kg
Very light: Sitting, standing, painting, driving, working in a laboratory,
typing, playing musical instrument, sewing, ironing.
up to 2.5
(up to 10.5)
up to
2 . 0
(up to 8.3)
Light: Walking on level (2.5-3 mph), tailoring, pressing, working on
automobiles, washing, shopping, golfing, sailing, playing table tennis
or volley ball.
2.5—4.9
(10.5-20.5)
2.0-3.9
(8.37-16.3)
Moderate: Walking (3.5-4 mph), plastering, weeding and hoeing,
loading and stacking bales, scrubbing floors, shopping with heavy load,
cycling, skiing, playing tennis, dancing.
5.0-7.4
(20.9-31.0)
4.0-5.9
(16.7-24.7)
Heavy: Walking uphill with load, tree felling, working with pick and
shovel, basketball, swimming, climbing, playing football.
7.5-12.0
(31.4-50.2)
6
.
0
-
1 0 . 0
(25.1-41.8)
*Adapted from
R e c o m m e n d e d D ie ta r y A llo w a n c e s ,
9th ed. (Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council—National Academy of
Sciences, Washington, D.C., 1980).
